In 2024, Spain reduced its exports to the European Union and the United States, so it had to seek out opportunities in new markets in order to diversify and strengthen its trade relations. These new markets primarily included countries in ASEAN, Latin America and the Caribbean Islands, as well as Oceania.
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Income inequality is declining in Spain
Labour market & demographics
Public sector
Activity & growth
For developed countries, we have data up until 2022, and in most of them income inequality continues to show a long-term upward trend. For Spain, however, we have data up until October 2024 and the message, fortunately, is quite different.
In 2024, all sectors of the Spanish economy have recorded growth, with only a few exceptions. In addition, the number of sectors in a situation of weakness has steadily declined, while that of sectors in expansion has increased. The outlook for 2025 is equally promising, although a slight moderation is anticipated in some cases.
Dossier
Monthly Report | April 2024 | No. 488
We present the new CaixaBank Research economic outlook, with an upward revision of Spain’s GDP growth forecast and a modest deterioration in expectations for the international economy.
The outbreak of the pandemic has changed the scenario for investment in retail-related property. On the one hand, severe mobility restrictions and social distancing measures have lowered prices and rents for commercial premises, reducing investor interest. On the other hand, COVID-19 has brought about a change in the habits of Spanish consumers that has benefited supermarkets, where investment reached record highs in 2020, and has accelerated the penetration of online commerce in the retail sector, boosting investment in the logistics required to support this sales channel.
Enric Fernández, nuestro Economista Jefe, nos acompaña en este episodio especial para explicarnos en primera persona cuáles serán las tendencias que marcarán la economía mundial y española en 2024. Pese a presentarse lleno de desafíos, 2024 será "un año que irá de menos a más" y hay señales positivas para la economía española: será la economía de la zona euro con más crecimiento, lo que servirá para seguir creando empleo, y la moderación de la inflación debería permitir encara una recuperación gradual del poder adquisitivo de las familias.
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En la mesa de expertos “Perspectivas económicas 2024: desafíos en clave económica”, organizada por El Periódico de España y El Periódico, con Judit Montoriol, lead economist de CaixaBank Research, María Jesús Fernández, economista sénior en el área de Coyuntura Económica de Funcas; Juan Pablo Riesgo, de EY Insights y People Advisory Services; Luciana Taft, consultora del área de Economía y Mercados de Analistas Financieros Internacionales (AFI), y Judith Arnal, investigadora senior del Center for European Policy Studies y del Real Instituto Elcano debaten los retos a los que se enfrenta la economía española en 2024.
Dossier
Monthly Report | July 2024 | No. 491
Dossier
Informe mensual | September 2024 | Núm. 492
El dólar cede terreno, pero no su trono.
Aunque acumula una caída cercana al 10% frente al euro este año, la depreciación del dólar parece, por ahora, más un ajuste a expectativas de tipos e inflación que una señal de pérdida de estatus global. A futuro, esperamos una depreciación gradual, aunque la volatilidad inducida por la incertidumbre en la política económica y comercial de EE. UU. seguirá muy presente.
As is tradition, the November edition of the Monthly Report includes the Dossier in which we analyse the economic outlook for the coming year. On this occasion, we have selected three topics that deserve special attention. Firstly, we look at the outlook for the global economy in 2025, as a year threatened by the division between economic blocs. Secondly, we focus on the easing of monetary policy that lies ahead, now that the disinflation process is on track and economic activity is showing signs of a slowdown. Finally, we analyse the state of the Spanish economy going into 2025, after several quarters with better-than-expected performance in the macroeconomic sphere that have forced us to revise our growth forecasts upwards.
La libra se mueve entre dos aguas en su cruce frente al euro. Por un lado, el debilitamiento de la economía británica pone presión al Banco de Inglaterra para bajar los tipos más rápidamente de lo que se esperaba. Por otro, los planes fiscales del Gobierno supondrán unas necesidades de financiación elevadas, presionando al alza la rentabilidad de la deuda pública y atrayendo flujos de inversión, lo que debería dar cierto soporte a la divisa. Con todo, en el actual entorno de elevada volatilidad geopolítica, nuestra expectativa es que la libra se deprecie paulatinamente hacia final de año frente al euro.
The agrifood sector continues to suffer from the sharp rise in production costs and the impact of the drought. However, the decline in agricultural commodity and energy prices on international markets from the peaks reached in 2022 should help contain agricultural production costs and thereby moderate inflationary pressures on food. Nevertheless, the severe drought that has been affecting the Iberian Peninsula since last year has reduced the yields of a large number of crops such as cereals and fruits, impacting both prices (up) and the volume of exports (down). All in all, in value terms agrifood exports continued to grow at a good rate in S1 2023 due to the rise in prices, reflecting the high competitiveness of Spain’s agrifood sector despite the adverse conditions.
En este nuevo episodio de "Economía Exprés", explicamos las principales cifras y razonamos los motivos de la reciente revisión del escenario económico que CaixaBank Research ha publicado en su "Informe Mensual" de junio. A grandes rasgos, las nuevas previsiones recogen una mejora del crecimiento del PIB en 2023, y una revisión a la baja en 2024 por la subida de los tipos de interés y el endurecimiento de las condiciones financieras.
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Año nuevo, ¿economía nueva? Ricard Murillo Gili y Patricia Esteban repasan las cinco hipótesis que marcarán la economía en 2024: desinflación, menores tipos de interés, fortaleza del mercado laboral, desequilibrios en China e incertidumbre geopolítica. Además, la bolsa estadounidense, el mercado laboral español o los efectos del cambio climático son otros de los temas con los que arranca el año "Economía Exprés".
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Dossier
New outlook for the global and spanish economy
The CaixaBank Research Sectoral Indicator is a synthetic indicator that encompasses information from 17 variables into a single indicator. It is a monthly indicator and it compiles data dating back to January 2011. It is calculated for 24 economic sectors, including the four major ones: agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing, construction and services.
In the course of 2021 we have seen that, in the wake of the pandemic, a misalignment has emerged in the real estate sector between a demand that has recovered very quickly and a supply that is more dependent on structural factors and therefore continues to lag behind. As a result of this misalignment, house prices have started an upward trend which may continue to some extent in the coming quarters as a result of higher production costs in the sector and problems with the supply of certain raw materials. Nevertheless, in the medium term, as new supply enters the market and tensions in global supply chains ease, prices should return to a growth rate that is more in line with the trend in household income.