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In this article we use a novel approach to analyse the potential of Spanish renters who could afford to buy a property. For Spain as a whole, we estimate that around 49% of renters have a high enough income to purchase a home. However, only 13% have the necessary savings. While there are significant differences between provinces and municipalities, in all regions it is clear that insufficient savings capacity is the main constraint faced by renters to buying their own home.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/sectoral-analysis/real-estate/buy-or-rent-question-income-particularly-savings-capacity

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the agrifood sector as a mainstay of the Spanish economy. During the months of lockdown, the entire food chain (which includes farmers, breeders, fishermen, cooperatives and the food industry, wholesalers, retailers, distributors and logistics operators) had to adapt quickly to secure the population's food supply. In retrospect, it is only fair to acknowledge the excellent response by the whole sector in tackling this challenge.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/sector-analysis/agrifood/resilience-and-growth-agrifood-sector-during-pandemic

The hospitality sector was among those hardest hit by the consequences of the pandemic as it was at the epicentre of the social distancing measures used to contain the spread of COVID-19. Although official indicators point to the sector’s clear recovery in 2022, this has not been across the board. An analysis of CaixaBank’s internal data reveals the great differences that exist within the sector, with one part that has greatly improved its situation compared with 2019 and another, non-too negligible part that is still encountering difficulties.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/sectoral-analysis/tourism/taxonomy-hospitality-sector-spain

The rental housing market has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Its sharp price rises, much bigger than the increase in wage income, has highlighted the economic vulnerability of households living in rented accommodation. These households tend to have a lower-than-average income level and a high percentage of them spend more than 40% of their income on housing-related payments. To redress this worrying situation, much-needed economic policy measures have been taken to increase the supply of affordable housing. However, other types of policies have also been proposed, such as rent caps in stressed market areas, although their effectiveness is limited judging by experiences in other countries.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/sectoral-analysis/real-estate/renting-home-spain-rising-rental-prices-and-need-increase-supply

Technology is advancing at a frenetic pace and offers the agrifood chain a large number of opportunities to make its production more efficient and sustainable. Moreover, the arrival of COVID-19 has shown that the most digitalised companies were able to continue their activities more readily than the rest. In this article we examine the degree of popularity of the different digital technologies used in the primary sector and agrifood industry based on a text analysis of over 2 million tweets on Twitter. All these technologies are essential to create a connected ecosystem that will make up the Food Chain 4.0 of the future.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/sectoral-analysis/agrifood/digitalisation-agrifood-sector-what-does-twitter-tell-us

The distribution of consumer spending over the month, a key question for understanding consumer behaviour, has not yet been studied in the depth it deserves because of the scarcity of high-frequency public data. How do consumers allocate their spending week by week? How much more do they spend at the beginning of the month, which is when most people are paid? Do we consume with the same intensity regardless of our age or our income? Thanks to the use of CaixaBank’s internal data on a daily frequence, we are able to carefully analyse the time patterns of consumption and answer these questions.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/economics-markets/activity-growth/how-do-we-spend-throughout-month

Meeting climate targets depends heavily on public and private investment and their effects on the development of new technologies. Therefore, much of the economic momentum since COVID has focused on encouraging this ecological transition. In this article, we explore how the US government and, above all, the European Union and its Member States are incentivising it.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/economics-markets/public-sector/eus-answer-inflation-reduction-act-you-cannot-have-dessert-until

Having overcome the crisis triggered by the pandemic, which caused debt-to-GDP levels to skyrocket, debt ratios have now resumed the downward trajectory they were on prior to COVID. In particular, in the private sector, both businesses and households already have lower levels of debt than before the pandemic and much lower than they had during the financial crisis of 2008. All this, together with the greater weight of fixed-rate debt, puts them in a less vulnerable position to cope with the rise in interest rates.

https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/economics-markets/activity-growth/spanish-households-and-businesses-continue-deleverage