Wednesday saw another mixed session in the financial markets ahead of today's US inflation report. Government bond yields rose slightly in the eurozone and more sharply in the US. The move in the eurozone came as some ECB officials expressed doubts about a rate cut in October, which had so far been favoured by most of the bank's officials who spoke.
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Remarks by central bank officials took center stage in yesterday's session. From the ECB, Luis de Guindos reiterated that the ECB is on its path to cut interest rate as inflation data is on track to its 2% target. On the other hand, Fed Chairman Powell said there is no need to rush to lower rates given the strong economic backdrop in the US.
In 2024, the Spanish economy has experienced widespread growth across virtually all of its sectors. The outlook for 2025 also looks promising, although there will be differences in growth rates and the transition to a more sustainable production system will need to be tackled head on. The automotive sector will also face the challenge of remaining competitive in the new global ecosystem.
Investors closed the week driven by the November PMI indices, which showed a growing divergence between the Eurozone and US economies. In the US, the composite index climbed to a 31-month high of 55.3 on hopes of pro-business policies from Trump. In the eurozone, both the services and manufacturing indices fell below 50 and disappointed.
The advance PMI figures for December extended the recent trend of divergent growth between the US and euro area countries. The composite PMI in the US rose from 54.9 last month to 56.6, whereas the euro area composite index stayed below 50, albeit improving from 48.3 to 49.5, boosted by a recovery in the services sector (to 51.4).
Following the FOMC meeting on Wednesday, during which the Fed signaled a cautious path ahead, euro area financial markets caught up to their US counterparts during yesterday's session. Sovereign bond yields rose by +6bp in the region, and the main equity indices ended sharply lower. Meanwhile, the euro traded around $1.03 against the dollar.
Investors traded without a clear direction during the last session of the week, as they continued to digest a raft of macro data and central bankers' remarks to assess the monetary policy path ahead. Sovereign bond markets were mixed, with yields slightly rising in the US but edging lower in the euro area. Stock markets advanced on both sides of the Atlantic.
Investors' risk appetite rebounded slightly yesterday following Trump's comments late Tuesday on the strength of the US economy. Eurozone government bond yields fell slightly amid the ongoing negotiations to lift the German debt brake. US Treasury yields rose and the curve flattened as trade concerns offset the optimism from the strong February CPI print.
As widely expected by markets, the Federal Reserve left the fed funds rate unchanged at 4.25%-4.50% range. The Fed rebalanced its scenario towards higher inflation and lower growth, while the median dot plot again signaled two rate reductions by the end of this year, sending US Treasury yields lower, boosting US equities and strengthening the dollar.
Generalized risk-off sentiment during yesterday's session following news that President Trump would impose tariffs on the automotive sector by the end of the day, which he finally did (25% on all finished auto imports). Stock markets fell sharply on both sides of the Atlantic, dragged lower by industrial stocks. The dollar strengthened to $1.07 against the euro.
Positive session across markets, fuelled by optimism surrounding the trade agreement reached between the Trump administration and the UK government, which has helped ease tensions and is seen as a potential blueprint for ongoing negotiations with other countries. Additionally, the Bank of England cut interest rates by 25 basis points to 4.25%, citing increased uncertainty in the economic outlook. In contrast, Norges Bank and the Riksbank held rates steady at 4.5% and 2.25%, respectively.
Markets had a choppy session yesterday. News reports that President Trump was considering firing the Fed Chairman sent jitters across markets, pushing Treasury yields higher and the dollar lower. Trump later denied the rumors and Treasuries recovered, while the dollar did not fully erase losses and by the end of the session the euro was close to $1.16.
The announcement of a U.S. - Japan trade deal and hopes of a deal between the EU and the U.S. unleashed investors' risk-on sentiment in yesterday's session. Global stock markets rallied and sovereign yields declined across the board. Safe-haven assets (such as gold and the CHF) retreated while the EUR strengthened towards $1.18.
Following the resignation of French premier Lecornou, French assets sold off with stocks paring losses and the yield on the 10-year sovereign benchmark rising to push the country's risk premium to 85bp, above Italy's. Contagion to the rest of the euro area was limited, with peripheral risk premia stable and stocks paring mild losses. The EURUSD held at 1.17.
The Federal Reserve lowered interest rates by 25 bps to 3.75%–4.00%. Yet Chair Powell struck a hawkish tone, pushing back against market expectations of further cuts. U.S. Treasury yields rose +10bp along the curve, and the dollar strengthened, with the EUR/USD cross near 1.16. The market-implied probability of a December cut fell from 92% to 65%.
Risk appetite deteriorated on Thursday. Sovereign yields fell in the US after a private report (the Challenger index) showed the US economy shed more jobs than expected in October, reportedly due to AI-driven layoffs. Legal uncertainty around Trump tariffs added pressure, as Supreme Court justices questioned their validity during an ongoing hearing. The move came despite Fed officials speaking on the day pushed back against rate cuts, citing inflation risks and the lack of official data.
Risk-off session to end the week, as concerns about high valuations in the technology sector and doubts on whether the Federal Reserve will lower rates in December, weighed on investor sentiment. Stocks sold off in the euro area and ended flat in the US, albeit having started the session with losses.
The Spanish economy is undergoing a period of solid, cross-cutting expansion, with balanced growth across sectors and remarkable resilience in the face of a complex international context. Furthermore, the reduction in temporary employment and the strong performance of the manufacturing industry, partly thanks to Spain's competitive energy advantage over Europe, are contributing to the current sectoral dynamism.
The Spanish tourism sector enters 2026 from a position of strength, with a positive outlook after the stabilisation of post-pandemic growth. In 2025, Spain consolidated its global leadership with 97 million international arrivals and record spending of €135 billion, ranking second worldwide. Tourism GDP grew by 2.7% and is expected to maintain a growth rate of around 2.5%-2.7% in the coming years. This scenario reflects a more balanced sector, marked by the diversification of destinations and deseasonalisation of demand. In addition, luxury tourism is positioned as a strategic segment to boost the sector's added value, and silver tourism is expected to deseasonalise demand and drive the growth of rural destinations. Moreover, the restaurant/catering sector will require a higher degree of professionalisation and more scalable business models to improve its resilience.
Heightened geopolitical tensions kept markets volatile as the Middle East conflict entered its sixth day. Energy prices moved higher, with Brent crude rising to $85/barrel and TTF gas to €50/MWh. Equities extended their sell-off in the US and the euro area after their short rebound on Wednesday, while the dollar strengthened, pushing EUR/USD toward 1.16.