In the last session of the week, investors digested the hawkish comments offered by key central bank officials in the US Federal Reserve and ECB. In the former, Michelle Bowmen and Thomas Barkin signaled that interest rates will need to raise further but warned against reading too much into January’s retail sales and employment data.
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Central bank communication continued to center the stage on Wednesday. The release of the minutes of the last Fed meeting showed that almost all FOMC members favored a 25bp rate hike, while just a few would have opted for keeping the 50bp pace. They noted that, despite remaining elevated, inflationary pressures had begun to moderate.
Wednesday's session delivered a broadly constructive tone, with European equities outperforming their U.S. counterparts in a session dominated by the Fed's rate hike. European indices closed higher across the board while U.S. markets were more mixed, with the S&P 500 eking out modest gains for most of the session before closing lower after the Fed's meeting.
Yesterday's was a volatile session in the market, driven again by geopolitical developments the Middle East. It started with a risk-off tone, as Iran reportedly suspended its contact with the US in response to the Israelian attacks to Lebanon; however, later news reporting that Hezbollah was ready to agree to a ceasefire switched the market sentiment in late session.
Risk-off sentiment took over yesterday's session. Oil and gas surged amid escalating tensions in the Middle East (eg., the Houthis attacked two Saudi Arabian tankers in the Red Sea), sending global stocks lower and triggering higher sovereign yields across the board. In FX markets, the U.S. dollar index strengthened towards a one-month high.
Investors ended August digesting inflation data which confirmed prices are moving in the right direction for the ECB and the Fed to cut interest rates in their September meetings. Specifically, euro are inflation cooled to 2.2% y/y last month, and the US PCE Price Index (the Fed's preferred inflation gauge) for July was unchanged at 2.5% y/y.
Investors ended the week on a mixed note after US December jobs data showed the unemployment rate falling to 4.4%, prompting markets to push back expectations for the next Fed rate cut from March to June. As a result, 2-year Treasury yields edged higher and the US dollar strengthened. Equities nonetheless advanced to new highs.
Financial markets had another mixed session on Tuesday, with little in the way of data releases to guide investors. In the money market, interbank rates moved higher on both sides of the Atlantic as investors reassessed their expectations for central banks' policy. Fed officials speaking yesterday stressed the importance of a cautious Fed in achieving its twin target.
Speaking in the second day in Congress, Fed President Powell clarified that no decision had yet been made about the pace of monetary policy tightening, noting that the FOMC would consider higher rate hikes only if the totality of the data pointed in that direction. Before the next meeting, February inflation and employment data will be released.
Risk appetite returned to the fore on Tuesday, as investors reassessed the outlook for monetary policy across major central banks in the aftermath of the turmoil generated by the collapse of two regional banks in the US.
Risk aversion extended across financial markets during a volatile session on Wednesday, fueled by concerns about the health of the banking sector in Europe, in the aftermath of the collapse of some regional banks in the US and renewed concerns about the financial position of Swiss lender Credit Suisse.
Financial markets started the week in a quiet mood as investors awaited the beginning of the earnings' season, the ECB meeting and more clues on the trade negotiations between the U.S. and China.
Monetary policy decisions remained the key focus for investors on Thursday. The Bank of England and the Swiss National Bank raised rates by 25bp and 50bp to 4.25% and 1.5%, respectively, following the move by the Fed on Wednesday to hike rates by 25bp and to signal that there could be additional increases if financial turmoil recedes.
In the last session of the week, investors continued to trade with a risk-off mood amid continuing turmoil in the financial system. Doubts about the health of the banking sector led traders to think that central banks will have to stop hiking rates and start cutting them soon.
Financial markets ended the week on a slightly positive note as the earnings season in the US kicked off with the big banks posting solid results. Investors also continued to digest inflation data received during the week which confirmed expectations of a 25bp rate cut instead of a 50bp cut from the Fed.
Economic data releases centered the stage on Tuesday, in particular the JOLTS survey, which showed job openings in the US fell to 9.9 million in February, down from 10.6 million vacancies in the previous month. This level, the lowest since May 2021, pushed down the vacancies for unemployed ratio from 1.9 to 1.7, still above historical average.
In yesterday's session, the release of May's flash PMIs for the main advanced economies and corporate earnings took center stage in financial markets. On the former, the manufacturing and services indices rose in the US, leaving the composite index at 54.4 (a two-year high).
In the first session of the week, investors operated with caution as they continued to digest the Fed's dovish message and the implications for the economic outlook of an inverted yield curve.
As expected, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate by 25bp to 3.50%–3.75%. Following the announcement, Treasury yields fell, U.S. equities advanced, and the dollar weakened, leaving EUR/USD trading near 1.17. After three consecutive rate cuts, the Fed signaled it will likely pause to assess how the economy evolves.
In yesterday session, global financial markets were driven by the dovish communication from the ECB and the developments in the negotiations between the U.S. and Mexico.