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We set out the revision of our forecast scenario for the price of oil and the price of European natural gas for the coming quarters.

The European Central Bank is reviewing the operating framework with which it implements interest rates. In this article we examine the main question marks in the process.

Although significant progress has been made in recent years in disconnecting from Russian energy supplies, major challenges remain in order for Europe to have a sustainable, secure and competitive energy system.

In its battle against inflation, monetary policy has tightened considerably, as is clearly visible in official interest rates and those faced by businesses, households and governments. But these interest rates are not an end in themselves; rather, the ultimate goal is to cool economic activity and thus curb inflation. In this article, we have analysed the state of monetary policy transmission through one of its main channels: credit conditions.

In this article, we address the sustainability challenge facing our public pension system, based on the analyses carried out by the AIReF, the European Commission and the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration.

To date, the investments already approved as part of the Portuguese Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP) amount to 12,249 million euros, compared to total planned investments of 16,644 million euros. This represents an approval rate of 74%, which in principle looks promising in terms of getting the most out of the NGEU funds that Portugal will receive up until 2026.

We examine NATO’s reasons and objectives of increasing defence spending to 5% of GDP by 2035, and to what extent it is reasonable to expect the European Union to increase it.