Investors ended the week in a mixed mood. Volatility jumped and stock markets declined across many advanced economies. In contrast, EM equities posted moderate gains.
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In a session with a Triple witching hour in the U.S., an event that usually increases volume and volatility as several futures and options expire simultaneously, stock indices declined in the euro area and in the U.S. while sovereign yields edged moderately up on both sides of the Atlantic.
2020 will go down in history as the year of COVID but it will also be remembered that, faced by a very difficult situation, the response provided by the food chain was extraordinary, guaranteeing an uninterrupted supply to all Spanish households. A year and a half later, the primary sector still looks remarkably dynamic, although the exceptional growth rates posted during the most critical months of the pandemic have now been left behind.
In 2022, the growth rate of the Moroccan economy slowed to 1.1%, due to the drought that affected most of the country and the effects of the war in Ukraine
Following a robust recovery in 2024, the Peruvian economy continues to expand at a favourable pace, though somewhat more moderately, primarily due to a slowdown in private consumption, which is being constrained by the mounting political and social instability affecting the country.
The Colombian economy has shown signs of stabilising in recent quarters. The upturn in activity is being supported by private consumption, which is 6 pp above its pre-pandemic level, thanks to a strong labour market – with the unemployment rate remaining below the historical average – and rising real household incomes, boosted by the increase in the minimum wage (+23% since 2023) and the expansion of social programmes.
The US economy has proven to be remarkably resilient in 2025 despite a complex landscape marked by trade tensions and high political and economic uncertainty. In the first half of 2025, GDP grew at an annualised rate of close to 1.6%, driven mainly by technology investment (AI), which contributed 1.4 pp, and by consumption which, despite slowing, is continuing to make a contribution, even amid weakening confidence and rising prices due to tariffs.
The increase of 223,192 individuals registered with Social Security in May was somewhat larger than CaixaBank Research had anticipated (210,000), confirming real buoyancy from the labour market. Given such positive data, the pace of job creation accelerated to 3.9% YoY (3.8% in April).
The growth in appraisal prices for housing in the first quarter of the year, which was slightly short of anticipated levels, consolidates the rising trend for housing prices that began in 2015.
- The labour market performed well in the third quarter of the year, as evidenced by the fact that job creation was up robustly (2.5% YoY), albeit slightly short of first half figure (2.6%).
La contundencia de las medidas lanzadas desde la primavera permite a la Fed estabilizar el impacto de la COVID-19 y acomodar la recuperación económica sin una necesidad apremiante de reajustar su política monetaria. EE. UU. sufrirá una recesión histórica en 2020 fruto del impacto de la COVID-19, pero el impacto no será tan acentuado como inicialmente preveía la Fed, por lo que es probable que la próxima semana la Fed mejore ligeramente su cuadro de previsiones.
De todos modos, en la reunión de la próxima semana no esperamos grandes cambios: los tipos de interés se mantendrán en el intervalo 0,00%-0,25% y la Fed continuará activa en los mercados con las compras de activos y los programas para garantizar una liquidez abundante (detalles en el anexo).
Julio iba a ser una reunión de transición, pero no lo será: el BCE deberá acomodar sus herramientas de política monetaria al nuevo marco estratégico anunciado el pasado 8 de julio. No habrá cambios en los instrumentos en sí mismos (tipos de interés, compras de activos), pero sí que esperamos novedades en cuanto a su comunicación y la senda que esta dibuja sobre futuras recalibraciones en la política monetaria.
El BCE ha cambiado la orientación futura (forward guidance, en inglés) sobre los tipos de interés para adaptarla a la nueva estrategia (recordemos, con un objetivo de inflación simétrico al 2%).