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Inflation eased below 2% in Germany and Italy in September (1.6% and 0.7% yoy, respectively), as it did in Spain and France. ECB President Lagarde remarked recent data has strengthened the central bank's confidence in the return of inflation to target, sending the probability implied by futures markets of a 25bp cut in the October meeting to 90%.

International investors remained cautious with no further progress in equity markets and stability for the sovereign yields after the geopolitical tensions intensified again at the beginning of the week.

In line with expectations, the Federal Reserve raised its policy rate by 50 bp to the 0.75-1.00% range and confirmed a plan to reduce the size of its balance sheet (with a monthly cap of $95 billion). The Fed chair Powell noted that the recovery could withstand tighter monetary policy but also ruled out more aggressive rate hikes of 75 bp.

Investors traded under a cautiously optimistic mood on Tuesday, waiting for the outcome of the Federal Reserve meeting to be announced today. Consensus expectations look for a 50 bp hike in the policy rate as well as details of the plan to reduce the central bank’s balance sheet.

A larger-than-expected decline in US inflation in May, from 4.9% yoy to 4.0%, increased the odds investors attach to a pause in the Federal Reserve interest rate hikes at today’s meeting. Nevertheless, core inflation declined by less than expected, from 5.5% yoy to 5.3%, pushing the Fed to, at the very least, maintain a hawkish tone.

Financial markets had a mixed start to the week as investors tried to reconcile seemingly contradictory signals. In the eurozone, government bond yields fell after September's PMI showed a weak manufacturing sector weighing heavily on the core economies. A sharp, unexpected deterioration in the French services PMI also pushed up the country's spread.

Softer-than-expected US inflation data drove a decline in Treasury yields, while equity markets showed a mixed performance across the Atlantic. US June PPI came in below expectations, following the previous day’s soft CPI, while Fed officials struck a hawkish tone but signalled patience, prompting a repricing of Fed rate expectations, with the probability of an additional hike declining to around 40%. US Treasury yields declined, with a flattening of the curve led by the short end.

In yesterday's session, investors' sentiment deteriorated amid the expectation of a tighter monetary policy from the Federal Reserve and the ECB and disappointing corporate results. Concerns about the Covid-19 situation in China added to the somber sentiment.

Friday's session was volatile, after Iran postponed further peace negotiations with the US until Israel stopped striking Lebanon. The ceasefire between the countries was reached later in the session, which triggered a positive reaction that was almost immediately reversed. US markets were closed due to Juneteenth holiday.

The Federal Reserve's decision to lower interest rates by 50 bp sent global stocks soaring during yesterday's session. Equities climed more than 2% in the euro area, and in the US, the S&P 500 reached a new all-time high, as stocks priced in the soft-landing scenario.

The minutes of the Fed's June meeting showed that the decision to hold interest rates steady in June was not unanimous, and that most officials expected further rate hikes would be necessary, as the dot plot had shown. Also yesterday, US factory orders data for May came in below expectations, but still showed growth.

In yesterday’s session, investor sentiment was soured by data showing the resilience of the US economy and its labour market. Private surveys showed that US companies added the most jobs in over a year in June, and the services sector expanded faster than expected, which investors fear will allow the Fed to continue raising rates.

Investors started the week trading with a cautious mood, still digesting the mixed US employment report released on Friday and awaiting tomorrow's key CPI inflation data. Also, comments from San Francisco Federal Reserve President Mary Daly pointed to further interest rate increases even if signaling the end of the hiking cycle is nearing.

Comments by central bankers centered the stage at the start of the week in a session with no relevant economic data releases. In the euro area Christine Lagarde reiterated that a rate hike in 2022 is "very unlikely" even if the current inflation spike might be higher and longer than initially expected.

Investors traded with a risk-off sentiment during a volatile session on Tuesday, weighting in a potential ban on Russian coal exports by the EU and taking on board a new round of hawkish commentary from the Fed. The minutes of the March meeting will be released by the Fed later today.

Markets traded in risk-off mode during Friday's session, with heightened volatility, as investors reacted to the latest social media announcement by the US President regarding its trade agenda. Trump threatened to impose a 50% tariff on the EU and a 25% levy on Apple if the company refused to relocate its manufacturing to the US.

Financial markets diverged across the Atlantic on Tuesday. In the US, sentiment was supported by optimism around US‑Iran peace talks, despite US missile strikes in southern Iran. In the eurozone, by contrast, the rebound in European benchmark energy prices—Brent crude and TTF natural gas—after a few sessions of relief weighed on investor sentiment.

Yesterday's session was a volatile one, as news from progress in the negotiations around the conflict in the Middle East came in both directions, moving energy prices and the rest of asset prices. Brent prices closed up by more than 2%, at USD 112/barrel, while TTF prices ended the session flat at EUR 50/MWh.

In yesterday’s session, investors traded cautiously as they awaited  key economic data later this week (US CPI inflation) and the ECB monetary policy decision on Thursday. The main economic event yesterday was the downward revision of the European Commission’s summer GDP forecasts.