In yesterday's session, weak PMI data for August, which signalled a slowdown in economic growth across the Atlantic, but most acutely in Europe, caused sovereign bond yields to fall across the board (around 13bps. for the long-term references). In the eurozone, PMI data for the services sector fell below the 50 threshold for the first time in 2023.
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Investors began the week focused on Wednesday’s FOMC meeting and weighing the impact of the steady rise in crude oil prices, with the Brent benchmark rising a further 0.7% during the session. In this context, European sovereign bond yields rose across the board, as did US short-term benchmarks.
During yesterday’s session investors largely digested the Fed’s hawkish pause on Wednesday, positioning further into the narrative of a soft landing for the US economy and higher interest rates for longer. Thus European and US government bond yields rose in the medium and long term, and either fell or remained unchanged in the short term.
The advance PMI figures for December extended the recent trend of divergent growth between the US and euro area countries. The composite PMI in the US rose from 54.9 last month to 56.6, whereas the euro area composite index stayed below 50, albeit improving from 48.3 to 49.5, boosted by a recovery in the services sector (to 51.4).
Investors traded without a clear direction during the last session of the week, as they continued to digest a raft of macro data and central bankers' remarks to assess the monetary policy path ahead. Sovereign bond markets were mixed, with yields slightly rising in the US but edging lower in the euro area. Stock markets advanced on both sides of the Atlantic.
On Friday, investors focused their attention on the April employment report for the US, which confirmed that the tight labor market should allow the Fed to continue hiking interest rates. The expectation of a tighter monetary policy led to increases in the yields of sovereign bonds and volatility in stock markets.
Positive session across markets, fuelled by optimism surrounding the trade agreement reached between the Trump administration and the UK government, which has helped ease tensions and is seen as a potential blueprint for ongoing negotiations with other countries. Additionally, the Bank of England cut interest rates by 25 basis points to 4.25%, citing increased uncertainty in the economic outlook. In contrast, Norges Bank and the Riksbank held rates steady at 4.5% and 2.25%, respectively.
As widely expected by markets, the Federal Reserve left the fed funds rate unchanged at 4.25%-4.50% range. The Fed rebalanced its scenario towards higher inflation and lower growth, while the median dot plot again signaled two rate reductions by the end of this year, sending US Treasury yields lower, boosting US equities and strengthening the dollar.
Investors are starting the year cautiously as risk appetite seems to have eased over the holidays. As central bank officials tried to push market expectations of imminent rate cuts, although these expectations remain anchored in March for the Fed and April for the ECB, government bond yields rose across the board, particularly in the euro area.
Risk-off sentiment returned to financial markets on Wednesday, as investors reassessed the outlook for the global economy amid the jump in inflation and the rapid withdrawal of monetary policy accommodation. These factors are weighting in the earnings projections of the private sector.
The Federal Reserve lowered interest rates by 25 bps to 3.75%–4.00%. Yet Chair Powell struck a hawkish tone, pushing back against market expectations of further cuts. U.S. Treasury yields rose +10bp along the curve, and the dollar strengthened, with the EUR/USD cross near 1.16. The market-implied probability of a December cut fell from 92% to 65%.
Stock markets edged higher and sovereign bond yields fell modestly in the US and the euro area as investors slightly increased their risk apetite ahead central bank decisions from the ECB and the BOJ, US 4Q GDP and PCE deflator later this week, as well as further earings reports in the US market.
Investors closed the week trading with a risk-on mode, recovering some of the losses of previous sessions following the hawkish rhetoric by major central banks, including the 75 bp interest rate hike by the ECB and comments by Fed Chairman Jerome Powell, who reiterated the need to act forthrightly on inflation “until the job is done”.
A speech by the president of the Federal Reserve, reinforcing the expectation that the central bank will hike rates by 50bp in December, centered the stage in yesterday’s session. In the euro area, headline inflation decreased in November from 10.6% to 10.0% y/y while the core measure remained unchanged at 5.0%.
Risk appetite deteriorated on Thursday. Sovereign yields fell in the US after a private report (the Challenger index) showed the US economy shed more jobs than expected in October, reportedly due to AI-driven layoffs. Legal uncertainty around Trump tariffs added pressure, as Supreme Court justices questioned their validity during an ongoing hearing. The move came despite Fed officials speaking on the day pushed back against rate cuts, citing inflation risks and the lack of official data.
Following the resignation of French premier Lecornou, French assets sold off with stocks paring losses and the yield on the 10-year sovereign benchmark rising to push the country's risk premium to 85bp, above Italy's. Contagion to the rest of the euro area was limited, with peripheral risk premia stable and stocks paring mild losses. The EURUSD held at 1.17.
In the last session of the week, investors traded with a risk-on mood as their economic optimism outweighed concerns of a tighter monetary policy stance by the US Federal Reserve. The release of January employment report in the US showed that its labor market remains tight, with 353k more payrolls and the unemployment rate still at 3.7%.
In the first session of week, investors traded with an optimistic tone following the release of better-than-expected economic data in the euro area. In particular, the 2.1% m/m increase in Germany's industrial production in February hinted that one of the laggards in economic growth in the region for the past quarters might have bottomed out.
Yesterday, investors continued to digest the hawkish tone of the main central banks. The Bank of England and the Swiss National Bank decided yesterday to hike interest rate by 50 bp and 75bp to 2.25% and 0.50%, respectively. In the UK the central bank also decided, unanimously, to gradually reduce the size of its balance sheet.
Another employment report in the US reaffirming the tightness in the labor market moved financial markets' expectations for the Federal Reserve's first interest rate cut. As of today, a 25bp cut in June has an implied probability of 51%, compared with the 74% of Thursday's close. In the euro area, a June rate cut remains almost fully priced-in.