• Euro area rates
  • USA rates
  • Exchange rate
  • Commodities
      Update date 12-09-2023
          Update date 12-09-2023
              Update date 12-09-2023
                  Update date 12-09-2023

                  Download forecasts with data and variable definitions

                    FORECASTS

                    Average for the last month in the period, unless otherwise specified

                    Financial markets

                    Average
                    2000-2007

                    Average
                    2008-2019

                    2020

                    2021

                    2022

                    2023

                    2024

                    INTEREST RATES

                    Dollar

                    Fed funds (upper limit)

                    3.43

                    0.81

                    0.25

                    0.25

                    4.50

                    5.75

                    4.25

                    3-month Libor

                    3.62

                    1.01

                    0.23

                    0.21

                    4.74

                    5.80

                    4.00

                    12-month Libor

                    3.86

                    1.48

                    0.34

                    0.52

                    5.47

                    5.60

                    3.40

                    2-year government bonds

                    3.70

                    1.04

                    0.13

                    0.62

                    4.41

                    4.20

                    2.80

                    10-year government bonds

                    4.70

                    2.57

                    0.93

                    1.45

                    3.62

                    3.60

                    3.10

                    Euro

                    ECB depo

                    2.05

                    0.20

                    –0.50

                    –0.50

                    1.77

                    4.00

                    3.50

                    ECB refi

                    3.05

                    0.75

                    0.00

                    0.00

                    2.27

                    4.50

                    4.00

                    €STR

                    –0.54

                    –0.56

                    –0.58

                    1.57

                    3.91

                    3.48

                    1-month Euribor

                    3.18

                    0.50

                    –0.56

                    –0.60

                    1.72

                    3.87

                    3.21

                    3-month Euribor

                    3.24

                    0.65

                    –0.54

                    –0.58

                    2.06

                    3.82

                    2.94

                    6-month Euribor

                    3.29

                    0.78

                    –0.52

                    –0.55

                    2.56

                    3.95

                    3.00

                    12-month Euribor

                    3.40

                    0.96

                    –0.50

                    –0.50

                    3.02

                    4.08

                    3.06

                    Germany

                    2-year government bonds

                    3.41

                    0.35

                    –0.73

                    –0.69

                    2.37

                    3.30

                    2.50

                    10-year government bonds

                    4.30

                    1.54

                    –0.57

                    –0.31

                    2.13

                    2.80

                    2.60

                    Spain

                    3-year government bonds

                    3.62

                    1.69

                    –0.57

                    –0.45

                    2.66

                    3.15

                    2.82

                    5-year government bonds

                    3.91

                    2.19

                    –0.41

                    –0.25

                    2.73

                    3.23

                    2.99

                    10-year government bonds

                    4.42

                    3.17

                    0.05

                    0.42

                    3.18

                    3.90

                    3.60

                    Risk premium

                    11

                    164

                    62

                    73

                    105

                    110

                    100

                    Portugal

                    3-year government bonds

                    3.68

                    3.33

                    –0.61

                    –0.64

                    2.45

                    3.32

                    3.07

                    5-year government bonds

                    3.96

                    3.94

                    –0.45

                    –0.35

                    2.53

                    3.33

                    3.20

                    10-year government bonds

                    4.49

                    4.67

                    0.02

                    0.34

                    3.10

                    3.70

                    3.60

                    Risk premium

                    19

                    314

                    60

                    65

                    97

                    90

                    100

                    EXCHANGE RATES

                    EUR/USD (dollars per euro)

                    1.13

                    1.26

                    1.22

                    1.13

                    1.06

                    1.12

                    1.15

                    EUR/GBP (pounds per euro)

                    0.66

                    0.84

                    0.90

                    0.85

                    0.87

                    0.87

                    0.89

                    OIL PRICE

                    Brent ($/barrel)

                    42.3

                    80.1

                    50.2

                    74.8

                    81.3

                    79.5

                    79.0

                    Brent (euros/barrel)

                    36.4

                    62.5

                    41.3

                    66.2

                    76.8

                    71.2

                    68.8

                    Forecasts

                    Update date 12-09-2023