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Geopolitical tensions and the uncertainty surrounding foreign demand force us to reassess the strengths and weaknesses of exports in the Spanish economy. To do so, it is essential to analyse what we export, how diversified our range of products is, as well as how competitive it is. To improve our understanding, in this article we will analyse the complexity of the products that are exported, as well as their technological intensity, two key variables for assessing the competitiveness of our exports.

The evolution of the economy points to a change of phase: the beginning of a relaxation of monetary policy worldwide.

Controlling the virus, stimulating demand in the short term, improving the potential for economic growth, thinking about fiscal sustainability in the medium term and boosting the European project are five essential areas to mitigate the effects of the crisis and try to overcome it as soon as possible.

Political uncertainty, the main source of volatility in the market, reduced investors’ appetite for risk in June, resulting in a marked reduction compared to May, although it remained high.

In 2024, the global economy remained resilient in an environment marked by restrictive financial conditions and the major international economies managed to grow by more than expected. Nevertheless, 2025 is still set to be a challenging year: the threat of greater economic fragmentation has now been added to the risk map, with an increase in trade barriers and uncertainty.

In our previous article dedicated to analysing the evolution of investment in Spain, we focused on describing the pattern of investment by type of asset and by sector, and on comparing it with the euro area. In this second article, we want to focus on incentives for investment.

The wealth of Portuguese households has increased in recent years and the distribution by level of wealth or employment status shows little difference with respect to the euro area. However, the proportion of liabilities that are borne by the less wealthy half of the population is relatively higher.

The Spanish economy continues to show greater buoyancy than had been expected at the start of the year, thanks above all to the momentum of the tertiary sector, especially tourism-related activities, as well as the strength of job creation. Over the coming quarters supporting factors will emerge, such as a less restrictive monetary policy, an easing of inflationary tensions and an expected acceleration in the execution of the European NGEU funds.