The economic policies implemented during the pandemic have cushioned the impact of the crisis on families’ financial situation. On the one hand, a further fall in household income has been avoided while, on the other, the ECB’s accommodative monetary policy has led to a reduction in debt interest payments. A detailed analysis of the effort required by households to pay off their mortgages, based on CaixaBank’s own internal data, duly reweighted to be representative of the Spanish population, shows that these measures have managed to reduce the mortgage burden during the pandemic for most households, although pockets of vulnerability still remain among low-income households.
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In this issue, we focus on China's commodity stockpiling strategy and the fiscal room for maneuver of the new Trump administration. As for the Spanish economy, which we expect to continue to grow above the eurozone average in 2025, we present new forecasts for the real estate sector, analyze the Treasury's strategy in a context of a reduction in the public deficit and note the improvement in employment stability as a result of the decline in the temporary employment rate.
Dossier
Monthly Report | April 2024 | No. 488
Spain’s housing market is in the midst of a phase marked by rising tensions, resulting from a combination of strong demand, insufficient and inelastic supply, and marked regional differences.
Spain’s agrifood sector is facing 2026 from a more favourable position than that of recent years, although the environment remains challenging. Agricultural activity is consolidating its recovery and the food industry remains resilient. However, extreme weather events, geopolitical tensions, cost pressures and trade barriers continue to influence their outlook. Adaptation, therefore, is the central theme of this Sector Report, which examines how to transform scale, investment, and the production model into greater competitiveness and value creation.
Dossier
Monthly Report | February 2024 | Núm. 486
The Spanish economy continues to advance at a dynamic pace, maintaining relatively high growth both from a historical perspective and in comparison with most developed economies. On the international stage, the economy is showing resilience as the effects of two major opposing forces – geopolitics and artificial intelligence – fully manifest. The optimism surrounding AI in the US stock market and its comparison with the dot-com bubble is one of the topics analysed this month, as well as the reasons why housing is one of the main concerns of European citizens. In Spain, we also address the Treasury’s funding needs and the relationship between company size or job tenure and wage incomes using anonymised internal data.
Owning a second home is a widespread practice in Spain. In fact, second homes make up 14.6% of all Spanish housing, this figure exceeding 30% in some provinces. Where are these second homes located? What kind of household owns them? Understanding their distribution throughout Spain in relation to the usual place of residence is of great help in analysing the behaviour of the real estate market at a local level. Once again, we can use big data techniques to process the information and identify more complex dynamics than with traditional methods.
Spain’s agrifood sector is typically focused on exports: The range of agrifood products exported by Spain is getting wider and covering more destinations. However, another dimension should also be taken into account: export complexity, a concept that measures the knowledge intensity required to produce exported goods. Because not only the volume of exports is important but also what is exported.
2020 was a tough year for the tourism industry. All the data that became available at year-end show that the impact of the pandemic on the sector has been devastating. After a total standstill during the months of March, April and May 2020, tourism demand failed to pick up appreciably during the rest of the year, even during the summer months when the infection rate seemed to be under control. Moreover, the waves of COVID-19 occurring at the end of 2020 and beginning of 2021, together with the various measures to restrict movement and businesses, have kept tourist numbers at a minimum, aggravating the losses suffered by the sector.
In 2019, the positive trend will continue in the tourism industry although the past few years΄exceptional growth rates are expected to diminish, in line with the slowdown observed in 2018. The big challenge facing the industry will be to consolidate its excellent performance regarding inbound tourism over the past few years while shifting its focus onto higher value added segments.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the agrifood sector as a mainstay of the Spanish economy. During the months of lockdown, the entire food chain (which includes farmers, breeders, fishermen, cooperatives and the food industry, wholesalers, retailers, distributors and logistics operators) had to adapt quickly to secure the population's food supply. In retrospect, it is only fair to acknowledge the excellent response by the whole sector in tackling this challenge.
The increase in energy prices throughout 2021 as a result of the combination of the sharp rise in global energy demand (due to the reactivation of the economic cycle) and a certain weakness in supply (due to geopolitical problems and the change in the energy model towards non-fossil fuels) has led to a global energy shock. In 2022, the geopolitical context is putting extra pressure on international gas and oil prices, which could aggravate the already significant impact of the energy bill on Spanish industry. This article examines the specific impact of rising energy prices on manufacturing, analysing which sub-sectors are being most affected and to what extent they are exposed to more sustained pressure on energy prices.
Spain’s agrifood sector is facing a new trade scenario marked by the US tariff hikes, with the rate currently set at 15% for European products pending clarification regarding possible strategic exceptions. In a context of increasing protectionism and weakening multilateralism, the sector is seeking ways to adapt by diversifying its markets and pursuing bilateral agreements through the EU. The agreement with Mercosur opens up opportunities for key products such as olive oil, wine and pork meat, but it also poses risks for competition in sensitive sectors such as beef and rice. Despite this, the competitiveness and diversification of Spain’s agrifood sector places it in a favourable position to tackle this challenging environment.
This month we celebrate 500 issues of our Monthly Report by taking a deep dive into the current economic situation and focusing on other hot topics, ranging from the gold price rally and the depreciation of the dollar in the financial markets, to investor apathy in the US and India’s role as a player in the international economy. As for Spain, we stop to examine the financial solidity of the country’s firms and the recent growth of public consumption. Thank you for continuing to read our publication!
In the last session of the week, investor sentiment continued to improve amid a positive earnings season (51% of US companies reported a +10% surprise in earnings) and a mixed employment report in the US.
Investors traded cautiously ahead of today's release of the US jobs report. Other labor market data released yesterday, like the ADP report, showed non-farm private employment cooled in August, while weekly jobless claims fell, pointing to weakening demand in the labor market, although layoffs remain low.
Investors' risk appetite increased on Wednesday as the ADP jobs report for June surprised to the downside and the ISM services report came in below expectations at 48.8. Separately, the release of the latest FOMC minutes showed that Fed officials acknowledged a slight slowdown in the economy as well as easing price pressures.
A better-than-expected employment report in the US eased fears of a severe economic downturn, pushing expectations of a first Fed rate cut back one meeting to July and lowering total expected cuts in 2025 from four to three. Sovereign bond yields rose on both sides of the Atlantic following the report and stock markets rallied.
Investors' sentiment continued to improve yesterday following reports that Russia is willing to restart natural gas exports tomorrow, after the maintenance break. On monetary policy, a report suggesting that the ECB might consider a 50bp hike on Thursday pushed interest rates higher in the euro area.