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The week ended with markets trading without a clear direction as investors continued to monitor central bank officials' speeches to adjust their expectations of the timing of the first interest rate cuts, and as they awaited key economic data to be released this week. 

In a session without any major economic news, investors traded cautiously as they continued to assess the probability of future interest rate cuts given the current inflation and activity dynamics.

In yesterday’s session investors took note of the different central bank speeches offered by Fed and ECB officials. In general, policymakers would like to see more evidence that inflation is decisively in the route to reach 2% before easing the monetary policy stance.

In a session with no big economic data releases, except for the -1.1% m/m December retail sales in the euro area, investors reassessed their expectation on the upcoming central bank interest rate cuts.

In the first session of the week, investors continued to reassess their expectations on the upcoming easing of the ECB and Fed’s monetary policy stance. The January PMI and ISM data releases showed a stronger-than-expected start of 2024 that decreased further the probabilities of seeing the first rate cut in April and May for both central banks.

Investors’ mood was mixed yesterday as they grappled with a raft of data. In the US, Treasury yields fell again despite the Fed's hawkish tone on Wednesday, weighed down by concerns about some regional US banks and higher than expected jobless claims, although Q4 productivity and labour cost data were encouraging for disinflationary momentum.

The FOMC kept US interest rates on hold, saying it needed more confidence that inflation was moving toward 2% on a sustainable basis before cutting rates. Powell later stated that the FOMC was unlikely to have such confidence by March.

In yesterday’s session, economic sentiment data releases were the focus of investors’ attention. In both Europe and the US, better-than-expected, but still weak economic data, pushed sovereign yields down on both sides of the Atlantic amid an upward trend in previous sessions.

Today’s FOMC meeting remained the focus of investor attention in yesterday’s session, with markets currently pricing in the Fed to keep rates unchanged. On the data front, US new home construction fell to its lowest level since 2020 as higher mortgage rates in August appear to have cooled demand.

The Fed delivered a hawkish pause yesterday, leaving interest rates unchanged but acknowledging a strong US economy. The dot-plot projects a tighter policy through 2024 and 2025, consistent with rates higher for longer. US stock indices fell and US Treasury yields rose on the news, with the yield curve flattening, while the USD appreciated.

During yesterday’s session investors largely digested the Fed’s hawkish pause on Wednesday, positioning further into the narrative of a soft landing for the US economy and higher interest rates for longer. Thus European and US government bond yields rose in the medium and long term, and either fell or remained unchanged in the short term.

Financial markets ended the week giving mixed signals from both sides of the Atlantic. In Europe, flash PMI data for September showed a slight improvement in business activity, albeit still signalling economic contraction amid a weak German manufacturing sector, pushing up government bond yields and dragging most equity indices lower.

In the first session of the week, central banks remained the focus of investors’ attention, as they continue to digest the high-for-longer rhetoric. Yesterday, the hawkish tone of some FOMC members’ comments pushed US 10-year Treasury yields higher, fluctuating above 4.5%, a level not seen since late 2007.

Yesterday’s session saw global equity markets mostly lower and government bond yields rising as investors continued to digest the “higher for longer” interest rate narrative and some weaker than expected US economic data releases.

Yesterday investors traded cautiously as the threat of a possible US government shutdown by the end of the week and “high for longer” interest rates continue to lead the narrative. Investors were also at odds with Minneappolis Fed President Neel Kashkari’s dovish tone regarding interest rates path ahead.

Stock markets advanced in the US, Europe and Asia while sovereign yields remained stable. In Spain, markets underperformed their peers as stocks declined and sovereign spreads rose.

Yesterday's session was filled with economic data releases. In the US, Q2 2023 GDP revision left growth unchanged from previous estimates at 2.1% SAAR, and personal consumption had its slowest increase in a year. In Europe, September inflation in Germany eased to 4.5% y/y from 6.1% in August but ticked up in Spain to 3.5% from 2.6%.

Investors traded with a slightly higher risk appetite on Friday as several key inflation data points on both sides of the Atlantic fell and despite the risk of a US government shutdown, which was eventually averted over the weekend, rose. Eurozone inflation fell to a 2-year low, with core CPI showing positive momentum and US core PCE also moderating.

Investor sentiment diverged slightly on both sides of the Atlantic at the start of the week. In the US, the ISM survey showed a manufacturing sector close to recovery while Fed's Bowman gave hawkish signals on future interest rates. This pushed Treasury yields higher while equities fared slightly better, with the Nasdaq up and the S&P500 flat.

In the last session of the week, investors traded with a risk-off mood amid fears of a escalating conflict in the Middle East. The VIX index, despite remaining at historically moderate levels, reached its highest level since March and stock indices declined across the globe.