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In the world that lies ahead of us, which varieties of capitalism are likely to work the best? As for the rest of them, is there hope for change and evolution?

We monitor the trends in private consumption and the impact of COVID-19 based on card purchases and cash withdrawals at CaixaBank POS terminals and ATMs.

The Fed is considering including yield curve control in its toolkit to respond to the COVID-19 crisis. How effective is YYC and what risks does it pose?

The Spanish Ministry of Social Security sees the UK's company pension schemes as a benchmark for the reform of the pension system. What is the British model and how far can it be exported to Spain?

What exactly is the NGEU and how will it work? We answer the questions most frequently asked about this European Recovery Fund, its approval and implementation schedule, criteria and allocation of funds.

NGEU represents an extraordinary opportunity to give the Spanish economy a new modernising boost, but effective institutional mechanisms will be essential in order to make the most of it.

The economic shock of COVID-19 in 2020 has been unprecedented, of global scope but with differing intensity across countries and sectors. The euro area is no exception. Our central scenario assumes that Europe's economies will start to recover in 2021, although they will probably have to wait until 2023 to regain their pre-crisis levels of activity.

The package will be useful in supporting those businesses and self-employed people that have been hardest hit by the pandemic. However, the aid must reach them quickly as it is precisely now, before the economy recovers, when our productive fabric needs a boost.

Like Vladimir and Estragon in Waiting for Godot, economists, academics and central banks have spent the last decade waiting for inflation that never came. At least until COVID-19 arrived on the scene. The rallies in the inflation data and expectations with which 2021 began have revived the debate about its arrival.

When we think of the main challenges facing central banks in the medium term, we have no choice but to talk about digital currencies. More specifically, we must address the possibility of central banks issuing their own digital currency (so-called central bank digital currencies, or CBDCs). What stage are we currently at? Are CBDCs an option that is making headway and, if so, how should they be designed?

The Spanish government has already sent the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan to the European Commission. The Commission now has two months to evaluate it and the European Council has an additional month to approve it.

If we want to get a better understanding of monetary policy decision-making, we must pay close attention to changes in financial conditions. To do this, there is an important initial step: knowing how to measure them.

Reducing the high stock of Spanish public debt will take time, but in today’s economic context there are factors that could help to make the digestion process more bearable than these astronomical figures (1.34 trillion euros in 2020) might suggest.

Inertia leads us towards recovery. Returning to the point we were at before the pandemic is tempting after so much suffering. But conviction must lead us towards reconstruction. We must
set the course for a destination that is sustainable at the economic, social, environmental and territorial levels.

If the rebound in inflation were stronger and/or more persistent than currently expected, how would the bond market react and how could equities be affected?

How is the rise in commodity prices affecting the prices of final consumer goods? What about its impact on developed and emerging countries?

Using internal data and big data techniques, we analyse the water consumption of Catalan households between 2021 and 2024, following the declaration of drought.