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Investors closed the week driven by the November PMI indices, which showed a growing divergence between the Eurozone and US economies. In the US, the composite index climbed to a 31-month high of 55.3 on hopes of pro-business policies from Trump. In the eurozone, both the services and manufacturing indices fell below 50 and disappointed.

Financial markets experienced a risk-on session on Friday as the US employment report for September came in better than expected, shrugging off geopolitical concerns. The strength of the labour market underlined the dynamism of the economy and eased pressure on the Fed to cut interest rates more aggressively to support the economy.

Investors closed the week trading with a risk-on mode, recovering some of the losses of previous sessions following the hawkish rhetoric by major central banks, including the 75 bp interest rate hike by the ECB and comments by Fed Chairman Jerome Powell, who reiterated the need to act forthrightly on inflation “until the job is done”.

Wednesday saw another mixed session in the financial markets ahead of today's US inflation report. Government bond yields rose slightly in the eurozone and more sharply in the US. The move in the eurozone came as some ECB officials expressed doubts about a rate cut in October, which had so far been favoured by most of the bank's officials who spoke.

Remarks by central bank officials took center stage in yesterday's session. From the ECB, Luis de Guindos reiterated that the ECB is on its path to cut interest rate as inflation data is on track to its 2% target. On the other hand, Fed Chairman Powell said there is no need to rush to lower rates given the strong economic backdrop in the US.

Yesterday, investors continued to digest the hawkish tone of the main central banks. The Bank of England and the Swiss National Bank decided yesterday to hike interest rate by 50 bp and 75bp to 2.25% and 0.50%, respectively. In the UK the central bank also decided, unanimously, to gradually reduce the size of its balance sheet.

Following the FOMC meeting on Wednesday, during which the Fed signaled a cautious path ahead, euro area financial markets caught up to their US counterparts during yesterday's session. Sovereign bond yields rose by +6bp in the region, and the main equity indices ended sharply lower. Meanwhile, the euro traded around $1.03 against the dollar.

El sector agroalimentario español se caracteriza por su elevada propensión exportadora: la gama de productos que exporta cada vez es más amplia y abarca más destinos. Sin embargo, hay otra dimensión que conviene tener en cuenta: la complejidad exportadora, un concepto que mide la intensidad de conocimiento necesario para producir los bienes exportados. Porque no solo importa exportar mucho, sino también lo que se exporta.

The ECB lowered interest rates by 25bp and left the deposit rate at 3%. The central bank also removed a reference in its guidance to keeping interest rates sufficiently restrictive, a sign that further policy easing is probably coming. Following the meeting, the probability of a 50bp rate cut in January, instead of 25bp, has risen from 30% to above 60%.

In the last session of the week, investors continued to digest the decisions taken by the main central banks in advanced economies. Although at different speeds, and with the exception of the Bank of Japan, all central banks shifted towards a tighter monetary policy despite rising COVID-19 cases.

In the first session of a week with low trading volumes, investors' sentiment kept the negative tone seen on Friday amid rising COVID-19 cases. In the US, Joe Biden's $1.75 trillion spending package was rejected in the Senate and contributed to the worsening economic outlook for the coming quarters.

Volatility rose during the last session of the week amid heightened tensions in the Middle East, mixed corporate earnings, and expectations of the FOMC meeting later this week. Stocks fell across the globe, with US and European stock indices entering “correction” territory after falling 10%  their most recent peak in July.

In Friday’s session, markets traded again with strong risk appetite as investors continued to price in the end of the central banks’ tightening cycle. US employment data showed signs of a cooling labor market, further fueling investors’ expectations of no further rate hikes. Markets are now pricing in a rate cut in June by the Fed and in April by the ECB.

In the last session of the week, investors continued to trade with a risk-off mood amid continuing turmoil in the financial system. Doubts about the health of the banking sector led traders to think that central banks will have to stop hiking rates and start cutting them soon.

Investors traded with cautious optimism at the last session of the week, taking on board a new round of hawkish comments from Fed officials, weak survey data (e. g. the monthly fall in the IFO business climate in March) and the EU-US plan to cut reliance on Russian natural gas. The Ukraine-Russia war has now extended for over 1 month.

Risk appetite returned to the fore on Tuesday, as investors reassessed the outlook for monetary policy across major central banks in the aftermath of the turmoil generated by the collapse of two regional banks in the US.

Financial markets had a mixed session as traders weighed incoming macro data and corporate earnings announcements to gauge the state of the economy. The JOLTs report showed that US job vacancies fell in September, while the Conference Board consumer confidence for October surprised to the upside (as did the German Gfk sentiment index for November).

Risk aversion extended across financial markets during a volatile session on Wednesday, fueled by concerns about the health of the banking sector in Europe, in the aftermath of the collapse of some regional banks in the US and renewed concerns about the financial position of Swiss lender Credit Suisse.

Financial markets had another mixed session on Tuesday, with little in the way of data releases to guide investors. In the money market, interbank rates moved higher on both sides of the Atlantic as investors reassessed their expectations for central banks' policy. Fed officials speaking yesterday stressed the importance of a cautious Fed in achieving its twin target.

Monetary policy decisions remained the key focus for investors on Thursday. The Bank of England and the Swiss National Bank raised rates by 25bp and 50bp to 4.25% and 1.5%, respectively, following the move by the Fed on Wednesday to hike rates by 25bp and to signal that there could be additional increases if financial turmoil recedes.