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We use internal CaixaBank data, duly anonymised, to carry out an exploratory analysis on how consumption patterns change after retirement for the case of Spain. The use of these data allows us to identify individuals’ income, consumption and savings with precision, as well as to identify the moment of retirement.

In our previous article dedicated to analysing the evolution of investment in Spain, we focused on describing the pattern of investment by type of asset and by sector, and on comparing it with the euro area. In this second article, we want to focus on incentives for investment.

Execution of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) funds through the Recovery and Resilience Plan continues to gain traction, although the schedule is tight and the final stretch will require increased efforts. Indeed, by the deadline of 31 August, all investments funded with grants and loans need to have been allocated through the resolution of the relevant calls and tenders, and compliance with all milestones must be demonstrated to the European Commission. Also, Spain must submit payment requests before 30 September, while the Commission will have a deadline of 31 December to make the disbursements, as it will only have until then to certify the investments, that is, to verify that the money has been allocated to the committed projects.

We analyse individuals’ electricity bill direct debit payments made from CaixaBank accounts to determine how the increase in prices affected the finances of Spanish households.

Immigration plays an essential role in ensuring the sustainability of demographics and employment in an ageing society with a very low birth rate like that of Spain. In this article we analyse the recent evolution of immigration flows into Spain, their geographical distribution and their socio-economic characteristics.

This is no country for young men. We see it in our environment and the data increasingly expose the reality. The labour force survey for the first quarter of the year has reminded us once again: Spain’s youth unemployment rate, the benchmark for assessing the situation of people aged under 25, remains extraordinarily high, at 40%.

The combination of restrictions on the use of temporary contracts, coupled with the push for the use of permanent discontinuous contracts to channel work that is intermittent but recurring, has contributed to the reduction in the temporary employment rate, one of the main handicaps of Spain’s labour market and addressing it was one of the objectives pursued by the last labour reform.

In the current context of high inflation, one cannot help but wonder about its impact on wage dynamics. To properly frame this burning issue, and in order to have sufficient information to answer it, it is essential to analyse the historical relationship between prices and wages.