Castile and León
According to our estimates, Castile and León’s GDP grew by 2.6% in 2025, slightly less than the Spanish economy (2.8%). Although employment and consumption are growing at a more modest pace, there is a more positive trend in industry and exports, which are mainly being…
Cantabria
According to CaixaBank Research estimates, Cantabria’s GDP grew by 2.6% in 2025, slightly less than the Spanish economy as a whole (2.8%). Poor-performing industry and exports – given the greater relative importance of traditional sectors and the sluggishness of its…
EUR/USD
EUR/USD has traded largely sideways since mid‑2025, hovering around 1.17, after a year of elevated volatility. The currency pair appears to have stabilised between its long‑term historical averages, around 1.12 (10‑year average) and 1.22 dollars per euro (20‑year…
AI adoption in Spanish firms is advancing rapidly but remains limited and uneven
The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in Spanish firms has accelerated in recent years, but the process has been uneven and remains incomplete. This article analyses the extent of AI penetration considering four key dimensions: company size, sectoral differences,…
